Analyzing Essay Example - 988 Words

! Analyzing Essay Psychologist Martin E. P. Seligman’s article â€Å"On Learned Helplessness† talks about what happens when people go through traumatic events and how the handle the situations. Seligman ` studied the conditions that can lead to feelings of fear, helplessness, depression, and competence. By applying his theories and ideas I will analyze the article â€Å"Gunman Kills Himself After Hostage Drama† by Charles P. Wallace and Tim Waters. In the article by Wallace and Waters, a twenty-six year old man named Robert Rose killed himself in a Hollywood hotel early on a Saturday morning after a night long hostage situation. Rose was apparently depressed after he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. In the article, it appeared†¦show more content†¦Robert Rose continued to attempt to control his fear by extending the hostage situation and making demands. He asked to speak with a Roman Catholic Priest and have food brought to the room. Rose’s actions were not well thought out and ended up being a setup for his death. He was â€Å"nonchalant† about the situation because he knew that he was going to die anyway. In Seligman’s article he proposes that â€Å"if the trauma is uncontrollable, however, struggling eventually gives way to the helpless state† (585). Rose became helpless after realizing he would eventually die from multiple sclerosis. He responded by taking action on those around him. Instead of dealing with the situation he opted for death on his own terms, according to his actions. Not everyone handles traumatic news the same as Rose. People respond to depressing news differently. Some people fight harder when they get unfortunate news. Some people look to find a cure for their disease or therapies to keep at bay as long as possible. Just as Seligman says, â€Å"if the subject learns that he can control the trauma, fear is reduced and may disappear altogether† (585). The drama that unfolded in the article about Rose is equivalent to Seligman’s theory of fear, helplessness, depression, and competence. Rose had been under intensive psychiatric care for many years according to his mother, Mary. Soon after Rose learned that he wasShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Financial Statements Essay examples966 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyzing Financial Statements December 16, 2012 Regina Campbell Calculate the following: Current ratio, long-term solvency ratio, contribution ratio, programs and expense ratio, general and management and expense ratio, fund-raising and expense ratio, and revenue and expense ratio for the years 2003 and 2004. 2003 2004 Current Ratio: .87 .90 Long Term Solvency Ratio: Read MoreLearning English, Critical Thinking and Analyzing Essay example581 Words   |  3 Pages I have gained many new knowledge and understanding of the English language. I have learned about sentence structures, plot diagrams, Socratic seminar, and vocabulary, and essay writings, elements of literature, symbolism, poems, and double entry notes. But overall, my best effort is put into critical thinking and analyzing. I always try my best to answer questions such as identifying themes, foreshadowing, and symbolism. I hope that my grades are improving as I get more used to the school systemsRead More Analyzing Characters in Tolkiens The Hobbit Essay example829 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyzing Characters in Tolkiens The Hobbit The Hobbit (1937) by J.R.R. Tolkien is an exciting novel, an adventure that takes on a whole new meaning. At the start of the novel, Bilbo Baggins, an ordinary hobbit, is doing what the ordinary hobbit does, just staying at home. Hobbits are very comfortable with life and look for no excitement or change whatsoever. When Gandalf shows up on the doorstep of Bilbo Baggins cave (home), it was a major shock to him. Slowly dwarves show up at his doorstepRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Longest War By Rebecca Solnit1075 Words   |  5 PagesFor my rhetorical analysis, I read Rebecca Solnit’s essay â€Å"The Longest War,† which shed a light on the unequal treatment of men and women and the violence that women face throughout their lives, and around the world. In analyzing this essay, I looked at the context and the substance of Solnit’s essay. In terms of context, I looked primarily at her use of examples, and where these examples come from. First off, Solnit conveyed messages of gender inequality and violence from around the globe, ratherRead MoreEssay on â€Å"Analyze, Don’t Summarize† by Michael Berube721 Words   |  3 PagesEssay on â€Å"Analyze, Don’t Summarize† by Michael Berube Berube analogize student’s essays and watching sports commentary on ESPN, because students tend to summarize in their essays instead of analyzing it. Berube uses an example as to what he is trying to explain that the world of sports is metacommentary and no one actually summarizes on how the game is being played. Instead they analyze, they just point out the important part of the game. In the tenth paragraph he quotes â€Å"Well, Tony letRead MoreDifferent Steps in my Writing Process771 Words   |  4 Pagesto focus on everything as a whole. Everyone has their own twist when developing their essay like analyzing the prompt, brainstorming, and proofreading. The first step to my writing process is analyzing the prompt. The duration of analyzing usually depends on whether I am in class or at home. Analyzing the prompt is crucial to the writing process. Everyone needs to know what they are writing about. For example, the first day of English class we were given a prompt about what we expect in class. BeingRead MoreEssay and Academic Life1117 Words   |  5 PagesEx. 3 Analyzing short writing assignments. * Underline the key words. What do the following short assignments require? * How would you complete them? Example In what (ways) do porpoises (differ from) dolphins? ways: enumeration; differ from: contrast I would enumerate the differences between dolphins and porpoises 1. Explain how a caterpillar becomes a butterfly. 2. Discuss three major reasons that people who leave the security of their home culturesRead MoreCritical Analysis1569 Words   |  7 PagesJournal #1 Select one of the readings mentioned in the syllabus for the Critical Analysis essay. What is one point the author works to prove in the essay you are analyzing? What does he say to prove his point? Does he use facts, evidence, statistics, graphs, deductive or inductive logic, emotion, satire? (See Chap. 3 of Current Issues or Critical Thinking.) Now make a critical statement: If the author uses facts, does he or she use facts in such a way that he or she convinces his or her audienceRead MoreThe Believing Game By Peter Elbow1174 Words   |  5 PagesBelieving Game† In the essay â€Å"The Believing Game† by Peter Elbow, he discusses the concepts of taking the emotion out of arguments and using logic by seeing another person’s opinion or ideology through their eyes. Elbow uses â€Å"The Doubting Game† as his counter-argument in the essay and speaks of how most humans are naturally conditioned to over-analyze any argument that is presented before them. Elbow, while making some insightful points to the way humans think, presents his essay with too much emotionRead MoreEssay about Use of Metaphor inThe Death of the Moth by Virginia Woolf632 Words   |  3 Pages The essay The Death of the Moth by Virginia Woolf, is a piece of literature that describes the physical struggle of a dying moth and also, an inner struggle that the writer is experiencing as well. Through these struggles that each of the characters in the story endures, the audience sees a connection through both subjects. Analyzing and describing this complex essay structure can be done by evaluating the meaning and metaphors used by the author to portray the message of the story

A Successful Leader At The Same Time - 1046 Words

There are many quotes by famous leaders and public personalities about how to be or become a successful leader. Most of the time, they describe leadership in terms of action, results and consequences. Not too many quotes actually try to tell us how to be successful and ethical leader at the same time. Seems that in our times of bury the competition attitude, cut throat society these two words can’t co-exist together or can they? Why there is such a fascination with leaders? People from all public circles and occupations follow them on social media, television and the Internet. People are fascinated with their accomplishment, live style and power. For our society they are what gladiators used to be for the Romans, the national heroes and†¦show more content†¦The virtues listed in the book are not in any particular order or by importance. The first one the authors list is deep honesty. It is a tool to build trust and loyalty between leader and followers. It is a bridge to communication and transparency every leader should have. It doesn’t mean it is leader personal transparency but transparency on organization level. It also has to be exercise with caution in order to protect sensitive and confidential information. Good leader need to find truthful alternatives while communicating with outside world and not revealing delicate information. Next on the list is moral courage. It doesn’t cover ability to overcome physical threats and personal fears. Good leader have to have courage to face fear of embarrassment, criticism, losing friends, job and even fear of being misunderstood in his motivation. It also means to have courage to pursue his vision in the face of danger and inevitable despair. Leader doesn’t have to be fearless but has to have ability to conquer his fears and use them to his advantage. Good leader has to possess moral vision, which means to understand the values they are fighting for and moral responsibilities they carry in respect to human life, the organization they represent and communities. He needs to have ability to select appropriate means to complete the goal without compromising moral values. In order to connect with their followers on the personal level good leader needs to have

Elvis Presley Coursework Assignment Free Essays

What can you learn from source A about Elvis Presley’s impact on popular music in the USA in 1955? From source A we can learn that Elvis was a popular, whether people liked his music or just him still sold his records, ‘six hit singles in the companies hit list of top 25 best sellers’. It also shows that the magazine liked him and had confidence in him and that he would succeed at the highest level. This is shown by the title ‘Presley Hot as $1 Pistol’ meaning he will shoot to stardom quickly. We will write a custom essay sample on Elvis Presley Coursework Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The article also mentions that he is also ‘the number two best seller’ after a well respected, clean cut singer. This shows he has already almost made the big time. Question 2. Study Sources A and B. Source B gives different impressions of Elvis Presley to that given in Source A. i) In what ways do the sources differ? Source A is different to Source B in many ways. Source A is a factual article which is encouraging towards Elvis, promoting the fact that he is popular. This source is aimed at any age group or race that had an interest in modern music and read the magazine. Source B is peoples personal opinions, condemning and objected, ‘Presley has no singing ability’, and ‘primitive physical movement’, are examples of the personal criticism and abuse Source B implies. Source B is aimed at middle aged, middle class white people. ii) Use Sources C and D, and your own knowledge to explain why Sources A and B differ. Source A is written earlier than Source B and is about record sales. Whereas Source B is commenting on a TV appearance made by Elvis later on. Source C also refers to his TV appearance. Source C agrees with Source B in that Elvis never should have gone on TV. Source A is written in March 1956 before anybody had seen Elvis on TV so there was no reason to criticise him. Source B is written in the same year but is after his first TV appearance. B is supported by both C and D in criticising Elvis about his appearance and his dancing technique. This is shown in Source B stating his ‘primitive physical movement’ and is supported by C and D quoting, ‘unfortunately Presley makes personal appearances’, and ‘how shocking he looked’. Source A is aimed at any age group or race that had an interest in reading the magazine and in modern music. Source B is aimed at the middle or upper class that would read national newspapers. Source C is aimed at Catholics, a nd Source D is aimed at anybody. Sources B, C, and D all criticise him so therefore support each other. This is another reason why Sources A and B are different. Source A is reaction to his records and is a factual Source ‘six hit singles in the company’s hit list of top-25 best sellers’. Whereas Sources B, C, and D, are all opinions of him and his appearance. Source C supports Source B in that it was criticism of him early in his career when he first made his appearance on TV. Source D supports Source B in criticising Elvis. It shows that even other singers were being shocked by his performances ‘told some real bad, crude jokes, which weren’t even funny’. Whereas normally you would expect another person in the same trade to be more accepting of a young up and coming star, who is new to the business. Question 3. Study Sources B, E and F. Do Sources E and F support the evidence of Source B about the impact of Elvis Presley? Use your own knowledge to explain your answer. Sources E and F do not support Source B. Source B was written as newspaper articles about Elvis’ appearance on the Milton Berle show. The three articles in source B are all critical about Elvis eg. ‘Presley has no singing ability’, ‘unintelligible lyrics’ and ‘grunt and groan antics’. Whereas Sources E and F are positive about his appearances. ‘The Milton Berle show topped Sergeant Berle in the ratings’. This shows that people were watching the show to see him perform, ‘it was a relaxed and therefore more effective Milton Berle show’. Source F shows screaming and shouting girls and how popular he is. This Source could also be negative as it shows him and his roughneck appearance. All of these sources show that Elvis did make an impact whether he was liked or disliked. The age group he had the biggest impact on were the teenagers. This was because they liked his music and his rebellious style. Question 4. Study Source G. Use your own knowledge to explain why these different views were expressed. In Source G the three different people speaking all have the same view but for different reasons. The congressman Emmanuel Celler dislikes Elvis because he thought that he overdid his actions. The congressman did not have a problem with rock’n’roll but ‘Presley and his animal gyrations violate all that I know to be in good taste’. He thought that Elvis was over the top. The next part of Source G was a statement by a member of the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK were a big racist group in south America at the time of Elvis’ rise to fame. At this time segregation and the Jim Crow laws were still being used. The KKK spokesman dislikes Elvis because he used black peoples style, for example Little Richard style songs. He also describes Elvis as a ‘cannibalistic, negro-loving rock and roller’, which shows he has a vision of a stereotypical American red Indian who would eat white men that entered their territory. At this time 56% of Blacks were under the poverty line. The Preacher is against Elvis because he sees Elvis as a bad influence on the young, stating that he ‘would not let my daughter cross the road to see Elvis’. He might also dislike Elvis because as a member of the church he might be against his sexual movement such as the hip thrusts. Question 5. Study Source I. Source I suggests that attitudes to Elvis Presley were beginning to change by 1958. Use the source, and your own knowledge to explain why this was happening. Source I shows that people were starting to like Elvis. Source I suggests that he had achieved US democracy doing what all American citizens were expected to do ‘This is US democracy at its best’, because he did not use ‘influence to buy his way out’. This changed his image from a rebel to a squeaky clean pop star. He changed his style of music and started making films. Recording sessions were made shorter so he could move on to his next film, in contrast to the 30 takes of Hound Dog. After he had returned from the army he stopped doing live concerts and started wearing suits. He sung a duet with a well respected star, Frank Sinatra, on Frank’s TV show, which was edited so that the audiences screams were taken out. Elvis’ films joining the army and business manner made him more acceptable for all age groups and classes. Question 6. Study all the sources. ‘The impact of Elvis Presley on US society during the 1950’s was more the result of television coverage of performance than his music.’ Use the sources, and your own knowledge ,to explain whether you agree with this view of the career of Elvis Presley. The impact of Elvis Presley in the 1950’s is said to have been more to do with his TV appearances than his music. A lot of people did not have TV’s in the 1950’s but most people had radios so the statement is debatable. Newspapers and magazines also highlighted and mostly exaggerated Elvis’ appearances. Personally I disagree with the statement. Sources B and C are Magazine and newspaper articles with other peoples opinions about his TV appearances. Both of these articles are one sided against Elvis, only giving a conservative reaction. These reactions are all picking out bad things about his appearance and movements eg. ‘Presley has no singing ability’, ‘Unintelligible lyrics’, ‘primitive physical movement’, and ‘grunt and groan antics’. Source F which shows Elvis dancing and singing could be positive in that there are so many screaming fans, or negative showing roughneck appearance with sideburns and con troversial dress sense. Sources A, E, and H are all positive Sources towards him and his records. Source A shows that his music was popular and that he was already the ‘number two best seller’ before he even appeared on TV. Source E shows that his appearance on the Milton Berle TV show had topped the ratings. This shows that people were tuning in to see him again showing he was popular before his first TV appearance. Source H is more facts about his record sales and how well they were selling compared to other artists at the same time. These statistics tell us that his music was extremely popular. These three Sources are factual rather than opinion like Sources B, and C. The middle aged group of people at the time were always looking to criticise Elvis. How to cite Elvis Presley Coursework Assignment, Papers

Supermarket Industry Coles and Woolworths Power

Question: Discuss about the Supermarket Industry for Coles and Woolworths Power. Answer: Introduction This is a critical analysis which analyzes whether Cole and Woolworths enjoy extreme market power in the supermarket industry in Australia. Woolworths and Coles are extremely dominant in the supermarket industry, as revealed by the national survey. The Master Grocers Australia or Liquor Retailers Australia discovered that seventy-two percent of Australians hold a belief that the two supermarkets giants are extremely dominant. Solely twenty-two of the people interviewed believed there was a healthy competition, whereas seventy-five percent believed the two supermarkets need the competition laws to be strengthened. The two supermarkets; Coles and Woolworths have precisely extreme market power in Australian Supermarket Industry. This can clearly be demonstrated through private labels groceries they both own. These private label goods remain habitually inexpensive compared to branded commodities (Parker 2003). They are rising in attractiveness for example, in the eye to the Commonwealth of Australia, the private label milk presently accounts for over seventy-one percent of the market. The competitiors appeal to various customer segments, escalating prices as well as profits whereas escaping the head-to-out fight. In comparison, Coles and Woolworths have played a 100-year long game of copycat. The two supermarkets stores possess a range of stores like Target, Dan Murphys, Big W, Dick Smith, BWS, and Bunnings besides other hardware chains as well as electronic outlets. Twenty-three cents of every dollar spent by the Australian consumers drive to Coles and Woolworths. Both Woolworths and Coles have created over 6500 operating stores throughout Australia. They both involved in the fuel market via Caltex as well as Shell. Coles and Woolworths share over seventy percent of the Australian market and control over eighty percent of the grocery market in Australia. Both Coles and Woolworths benefit the customers, community, economy, retail industry, wholesalers and other supermarkets. Nevertheless, there is a belief that the dominance of Coles and Woolworths will continue over a prolonged period of time as they rivals have not yet accomplished their level of market growth. The two supermarkets are dominating the supermarket industry even though the markets shares between them are narrow since Aldi is gradually narrowing the margin with substantial gains. The duopolys market concentration has already undergone too far and hence people do not hold a belief that there is a healthy competition. People are becoming more concerned that they are the people being harmed by the prices due to lack of variety and choice. People are further concerned about the broader impact on the Australian society. It is perceived that there is a partial influence on Australia farmers as well as suppliers that have been compelled to heed to the market power of both Coles and Woolworths (Smith 2001). The Coles and Woolworths are the Australias two enormous supermarket stores and they control the local food system. There is a need for a greater diversity in food system of Australia to permit justifiable co-existence between trivial as well as indigenous agricultural suppliers besides venders, alongside the supermarket goliaths. An enhanced equilibrium between buyer power as well as seller power has to be supported as well as narrowly supervised, to make sure the avoidance of unfair influence. The government policies has to put in place to safeguard as well as offer incentives for the domestic farmers as well as suppliers inside the competitive food system. Supermarkets enjoy a snowballing roles in the Australian agricultural industry development. An increasing share of the market for both Coles and Woolworths has established a stimulating surroundings for a great number of Australian farmers as well as suppliers. It has resulted in apprehensions which the present inequity in the market power, favoring the main supermarkets, remains damaging to the agricultural sector in Australia. The primary encounter is to make sure that a suitable level of safeguard occurs to permit the sustained running of small as well as medium-sized agribusiness as well as retailers thereby promoting the competition in the agricultural industry. Unless restrained, this power play might jeopardize the Australias food system stability besides having a broader food security insinuations. The Australian Food Market The supermarket sector in Australia is conquered by a hand-picked cohort of trade units, of whom Coles and Woolworths remain the economys giants. Both Coles and Woolworths have knowledgeable noteworthy development over the previous four decades; over doubling up their merged share of market to more than seventy percent of the supermarket or grocery industry of Australia. The viability of these two giants has augmented meaningfully; by forty percent as well as twenty-four percent respectively with a real possibility for further growth. Coles and Woolworths substantial market power warrants the multinationals the capability of determining the prices, affecting entrance barricades as well as establishing a level of anticipation in the industry. This ability exerts heaviness on the entire food stores in Australia. Various domestic agriculturalists are positioned in a compromising or susceptible situation by the decision reached by Coles and Woolworths, if they relate to valuing, the transaction volume as well as other profitable methods. Concentrated Power in Food System in Australia The market power describes the uneven inspiration beyond the trade terms. As venders slowly augment their respective share of market, they can amalgamate their respective position inside the food chains supply. This entails the enlargement into the processing, production as well as distribution zones. The consumers of Woolworths and Coles have knowledgeable remarkable gains from their growth, especially via enhanced accessibility to increased sensible commodities. Such gains, and their respective present merits for the food security of Australia must not be inconspicuous. Despite the existence of some issues, nevertheless, these procedures eventually risk the financial feasibility of several farmers of Australia. Woolworths and Coles account for a substantial degree of Australian economic wealth. These 2 chains merged together recruit merely below three-hundred thousand Australians. Moreover, such employment chances, the enormousness of the two chains maneuvers offers the markets (primary) for domestic agriculturalists thereby warranting them wider accessibility to the end-customers beyond the possible with the minor retailers. Such chains can meet consumer preferences with a variety of the commodities are affordable prices. The purchasing operations size of Coles and Woolworths permits these chains to control negotiation terms to acquire suitable harvest at the least cost. The above mentioned gains are of special significance to the populace as they culminate into short-term affordability of food. Over the previous 3 years, Coles and Woolworths have declined their prices averagely by eleven percent alongside 6 percent in that order. Strategies of discounting employed by the two chains enhance the variety of food alternatives existing to the consumers at reduced charges for goods. Identified Issues The overstretched power of market of Woolworths alongside Coles, nevertheless, is further answerable for substantial subjects touching local suppliers in food system of Australia. The lessening market share of the self-reliance sellers leaves the great percentage of contractors with restrained choice but to bargain with Coles and Woolworths. This duopolistic market surroundings makes sure that the supermarket hulks brandish substantial influence over the price negotiation as well as standardization demands. The power of market in the Australian system of food is a primary a matter in the country. The Coles alongside Woolworths powerful duopoly precisely brings problems to SMEs as well as domestic farmers, who are battling to co-exist with these giant supermarkets. Presently, this makes the condition gains customers which will persist in short-run. The pressure (financial) on SMEs food dealers like such pressures as deflationary price as well as anxieties for augmented production, nevertheless, are unmaintainable in the long run and hence have the potential of threatening the domestic food security. Partnership, accountability alongside transparency between dealers and supermarkets has to be enhanced, to make sure the mechanisms engaged advocate for competitive system of food. Woolworths and Coles Competition Not Good for Australia This part examines whether the competition between Coles besides Woolworths is essential for the economy of Australia presently and unto the upcoming years. Coles and Woolworths are enormous, differentiated supermarkets. The Woolworths possesses a collection of brands for retail crossways over-all markdown retail, electronics, hardware, liquor, hospitality, grocery whereas Coles overstretches and beyond; besides brands for retail in groceries, hardware, alcohol as well as office suppliers to insurance products, industrial safety, fertilizer operations as well as coal mining. The grocery processes of both Coles and Woolworths have augmented steadily in value in the latest decades. This has been assisted partially by price wars among the rivals that have assisted in bringing up the consumers. The divergence of Coles as well as Woolworths unto additional retail services alongside sectors makes sure that they remain protected, in contrast to self-governing grocers, arising from trivial pressures on food price. Accordingly, it has established a jagged playing ground in the grocery industry of Australia. Rebelliously, both corporations may as well as escalate prices of grocery to speak to shortages in other sectors. The outlets of Woolworths and Coles are presently multiplying crossways the regional and metropolitan centers of Australia. The extension of duopoly is making the minor firms to exit, especially in local areas that can never compete with giant supermarkets. Thus associates to occupation losses as well as income for the ventures owned by families. The restrained amount of players in the retail sector has augmented the dependence of suppliers on this sector as a conduit to hit final consumers. However, it is negative for the economy as it deprives farmers as well as food manufacturers of the flexibility as well as power to negotiate their contract footings. The competition of these two giants leads to marketing levies. This is because in their respective marketing messages, they frequently display as fresh as well as local produce sellers at affordable or reduced charges. Coles and Woolworths are currently utilizing celeb chiefs, Jamie Oliver alongside Curtis Stone for Coles and Woolworths respectively for broadcasting such buzzwords for marketing to potential consumers. These strategies are currently hitting new as well as expensive heights. The latest reports indicate shifting the costs of Woolworths Jamies Garden marketing campaigns especially on the stores suppliers of vegetable; charging farmers who are already being levied by the chain in terms of a marketing charge of 2.5-5% for marketing their respective commodities. The spokes persons of Woolworths make argument that is wholly voluntary whether growers make a decision to opt-in as well as make payment for the novice tax. Several farmers have also registered their concerns regarding such levies, making arguments that they lack choices in this issue: either by making payment for the levy, or facing prospects of dropping their respective agreements with the enormous groceries stores of Australia. The Jamies Garden instance indicates the persistently diminishing farm gate revenues encouraged by the maneuvers of the commanding supermarket duopoly of Australia. As Woolworths and Coles endure to amalgamate their respective closed-consumer chains of supply, supplier suffer huge costs as well as flagging their financial viability in the long run. The competition is not good for the economy of Australia due to the rock-bottom price marketing. The antagonism to the duopoly power through competition augmented in the year 2011, whereby Woolworths alongside Coles vended milk at one dollar a litre. Here, the growing matter of anti-competitive behavior by these giant supermarkets was exemplified; disapproved for utilizing their respective market power thereby disadvantaging additional vendors as well as dairy agriculturalists. The inexpensive milk advertising endangered the native farmers livelihoods, as decreased prices culminated in the decline in returns of farm-gate. The one dollar a litre advertising unfocussed several customers to the home- brand milk in this duration, contributing to seventy-two percent of Coles total milk sales in the year twenty-eleven. During the price war, averagely, growers acquire amidst twenty and thirty cents per litre of supplied milk to these two giant supermarkets, far below the cost of production for several farmers of dairy. Such gains by farmers from augmented exposure to market, might fall short of adequacy to capture their respective expenses as well as permit possibility for re-investing in respective dealings. This result might be practicable in short-term; nevertheless, long-run campaigns can culminate in continuous squat margins of profit for the respective contractors thereby risking the SMEs endurance in agricultural industry. Illustratively, year twenty-eleven, pricing crush compelled lots of dairy farmers of Australia, thirty in Queensland solely, into disposing off their respective farms. The competition is also bad for Australia due to anti-competitive behavior related to home-branding practices which have been witnessed via the propagation of privately-labelled commodities seeming on shelves of supermarkets. Woolworths alongside Coles are snowballing their respective array of Home-brand products in collaboration with particular providers, under stringent demands for production. Such commodities make it difficult as well as expensive for small as well as self-governing brands to be exposed within key outlets as well as effectively compete the home brands. This practice has led to lack of choices for consumers while Coles hold that consumers will eventually make a decision for what commodities to buy and will simply shop somewhere else. However, such a choice remains unaffordable among all Australians, with many consumers currently do not have accessibility to affordable retailers of food except Coles alongside Woolworths. Such anti-competitive behaviors eventually de crease competitiveness as well as diversity in local food system as well as run danger of a supermarket-ushered extermination of minor, frequently family-run, enterprises as well as brands. Competition between Coles and Woolworths has also increased vulnerabilities of resources of food to security as well as risks linked to environment. Moreover, negligible production as well as capacities for storage in remote regions, further culminate in the rise of food recompenses that leave local, principally homegrown, populace with restrained admittance to fresh as well as nourishing food. Such a situation will culminate into an unbalanced food system locally; far much susceptible to price as well as supply shocks. Thus, there will be an undesirable insinuations for food convenience as well as security in Australia. Conclusion The long-term food security for the Australian economy is dependent on the maintenance of diversification of both produce and producers. The government of Australia should employ mechanisms that make sure that retailer behaviors never encroach on power balances between sellers alongside buyers of food in Australia (Keith 2012). The development of Coles and Woolworths if left unlimited, will have the potential to destabilize the food system of Australia in the long run to the disadvantage of the security of food relished by the citizens of Australia. It is significant that the being of a varied array of food manufacturers in the country be achieved through ensuring a reinstated balance of power between seller and buyer in food system. However, it is essential that a change in the system in the direction of seller power is no much noticeable that the suppliers may determine the prices for retailing beyond the competitive degrees, deflating the present typical of food approachability in the country. References Keith, S., 2012. Coles, Woolworths and the local. Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies, 2, pp.47-81. Parker, A.J., 2003. Deregulating and developing dairy-food chain relationships: implications for farm business management in south east Queensland. Smith, S., 2001. Deregulation and National Competition Policy and its effect on rural and regional areas.

3 Rules of Architecture and How to Win the Big Prize

3 Rules of Architecture and How to Win the Big Prize On the back of the Pritzker medallion are three words: Firmness, Commodity, and Delight. These rules of architecture define the prestigious Pritzker Architecture Prize, considered the highest honor that a living architect can attain. According to the Hyatt Foundation which administers the Prize, these three rules recall the principles set down by the ancient Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio: firmitas, utilitas, venustas. Vitruvius described the need for architecture to be well-built, useful by serving a purpose, and beautiful to look at. These are the same three principles that Pritzker juries apply to todays architects. Did You Know? The Pritzker, or Pritzker Architecture Prize, is an international award given each year to a living architect who, in the opinion of a select jury, has made profound achievements in the world of architecture. Laureates of the Pritzker Architecture Prize receive $100,000, a certificate, and a bronze medallion. The Pritzker Prize was established in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker (1922-1999) and his wife Cindy Pritzker. The Pritzkers made a fortune by founding the Hyatt hotel chain. The Prize is funded through the familys Hyatt Foundation. Vitruvius famous multi-volume De Architectura, written around 10 B.C. explores the role of geometry in architecture and outlines the need to build all kinds of structures for all classes of people. Vitruvius rules are sometimes translated this way:   All these must be built with due reference to durability, convenience, and beauty. Durability will be assured when foundations are carried down to the solid ground and materials wisely and liberally selected; convenience, when the arrangement of the apartments is faultless and presents no hindrance to use, and when each class of building is assigned to its suitable and appropriate exposure; and beauty, when the appearance of the work is pleasing and in good taste, and when its members are in due proportion according to correct principles of symmetry. - De Architectura, Book I, Chapter III, Paragraph 2 Firmness, Commodity, and Delight Who would have guessed that in 2014 the most prestigious award in architecture would go to an architect who was not a celebrity- Shigeru Ban. The same thing happened in 2016 when Chilean architect Alejandro Aravena received the architecture prize. Could the Pritzker jury be telling us something about the three rules of architecture? Like the 2013 Pritzker Laureate, Toyo Ito, Ban has been an architect of healing, designing sustainable housing for Japans earthquake and tsunami victims. Ban also has circled the globe providing relief after natural disasters in Rwanda, Turkey, India, China, Italy, Haiti, and New Zealand. Aravena does the same in South America. The 2014 Pritzker Jury said of Ban that His sense of responsibility and positive action to create architecture of quality to serve societys needs, combined with his original approach to these humanitarian challenges, make this years winner an exemplary professional. Before Ban, Aravena, and Ito came the first Chinese recipient, Wang Shu, in 2012. At a time when Chinas cities were choking in over-urbanization, Shu continued to defy his countrys quick-build attitude of over-industrialization. Instead, Shu insisted that his countrys future could become modernized while tethered to its traditions. Using recycled materials, said the 2012 Pritzker Citation, he is able to send several messages on the careful use of resources and respect for tradition and context as well as give a frank appraisal of technology and the quality of construction today, particularly in China. By awarding architectures highest honor to these three men, what is the Pritzker jury trying to tell the world? How to Win a Pritzker Prize In choosing Ban, Ito, Aravena, and Shu, the Pritzker juries are reasserting old values for a new generation. The Tokyo-born Ban was only 56 years old when he won. Wang Shu and Alejandro Aravena were only 48. Certainly not household names, these architects have undertaken a variety of projects both commercial and noncommercial. Shu has been a scholar and teacher of historic preservation and renovation. Bans humanitarian projects include his ingenious use of common, recyclable materials, like cardboard paper tubes for columns, to quickly construct dignified shelters for victims of disasters. After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Ban helped bring order to a devastated community by building the Hualin Elementary School from cardboard tubes. On a larger scale, Bans 2012 design for a cardboard cathedral gave a New Zealand community a beautiful temporary structure expected to last 50 years while the community rebuilds its cathedral, decimated by the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Ban sees the beauty of carboard concrete tube forms; he also started the trend for reusing shipping containers as residential properties. Being named a Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate establishes these men in history as some of the most influential architects of modern times. Like many middle-aged architects, their careers are just beginning. Architecture is not a get rich quick pursuit, and for many the riches never materialize. The Pritzker Architecture Prize seems to be recognizing the architect who isnt seeking celebrity, but who follows ancient tradition - the architects duty, as defined by Vitruvius - to create architecture of quality to serve societys needs. Thats how to win a Pritzker Prize in the 21st century. Sources Commodity and Delight by Andrew Ryan Gleeson, The Lying Truth (blog), July 8, 2010, https://thelyingtruthofarchitecture.wordpress.com/2010/07/08/commodity-and-delight/Jury Citation, Shigeru Ban, 2014, The Hyatt Foundation, pritzkerprize.com/2014/jury-citation [accessed August 2, 2014]Jury Citation, Wang Shu, 2012, The Hyatt Foundation, pritzkerprize.com/2012/jury-citation[accessed August 2, 2014]Ceremony and Medal, The Hyatt Foundation at pritzkerprize.com/about/ceremony [accessed August 2, 2014]The Ten Books on Architecture by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, translated by Morris Hicky Morgan, Harvard University Press, 1914, gutenberg.org/files/20239/20239-h/29239-h.htm [accessed August 2, 2014]FAQ, Hyatt Foundation,  https://www.pritzkerprize.com/FAQ  [accessed February 15, 2018]Pritzker medalion image courtesy of the Hyatt Foundation

How to Prepare a Project on the Relationship between a Language and Culture

How to Prepare a Project on the Relationship between a Language and Culture College projects generally come in different forms and the research needed to be done for each project usually varies from project to project but it is important to note that there are still some key steps and practices which you can use in preparing an excellent project across the diverse forms. These best practices take into consideration the different types of projects you could be assigned with during your stay in college. They are quite valuable to students working on research projects, essay analysis and opinion pieces therefore, it is quite important for students reading this to pay attention to the tips provided here on how to go about writing a project. Understand Your Assignment The first step to working on a writing project, is understanding the type of document your professor is asking you to write. To better clarify this tip, let’s take writing on the relationship between language and culture as the chosen assignment. Here, it is quite clear to see that the assignment focuses on research and can be viewed as either a research project or an analysis essay to prove or show this relationship using facts. A clear understanding of your assignment puts you on the right track to starting your project. Choose a Focal Point For broad subject matters, choosing a focal point to base your research and discussions on is a method that keeps you centered on the job at hand. Once you have chosen a focal point - such as the impact of culture on language - you can now proceed to including relevant facts and real-life examples that showcase the relationship between language and culture from a cultural point of view. Focal points allow you easily organize your thoughts as well as write in coherent and cohesive manner which will definitely be appealing to your supervisor. Decide How to Represent Your Project Your understanding of the assignment as well as given instructions play an important role in determining the best way to represent your project. It is important to note that creative depictions can help you earn top marks so going the extra mile to make your analysis more understandable and appealing to your audience is recommended. An apt example is making use of both written words and infographics to discuss the relationship between a language and culture. You should consider investing extra effort into a case study of a sample culture and the language they speak in your project. The results gotten from your survey can then be turned into a visual graph that lends a voice to the final analytical outcome of your project. Plan Out Your Project Creating an outline on how you intend to write the final results of your project is important to organizing how you introduce your project topic, discuss its aim and conclude your analysis. Therefore, taking out some time to plan the writing as well as real-time presentation to your professor if the need arises ensures that you stay ready to combat any challenges that may arise. Preparation is an ongoing process and it is important that you carefully consider all the factors involved - topic, type of project, presentation etc. - before sticking to or choosing a presentation style that works. So feel free to make use of these tips whenever you are confused on how to proceed.

Why China wants RMB currency undervalued Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Why China wants RMB currency undervalued - Essay Example China has adopted a policy of intervention to control the appreciation of its currency, the renminbi (RMB), against the dollar and other currencies. This policy measure is heavily criticized by most of its trading partners, especially the United States (Morrison and Marc 1).China's policy of pegging its currency against the U.S. dollar has resulted in severe devaluation of RMB. This undervaluation gives RMB an unfair advantage over competitors in exports. Critics argue that this policy has resulted in China's huge current account surplus, and global trading imbalance (Chen and Mai 4).Some analysts argue that China makes a deliberate effort to manipulate its currency in order to get an unfair trade advantage over other trading partners (Morrison and Marc 1).U.S. claims that RMB's undervaluation is leading to U.S. manufacturing job loss and trade deficit. On the other hand, China strongly condemns such allegations and asserts that international pressure is a form of protectionism and i nterference in China's domestic economic policy. This research paper explores the reasons behind Chinese currency's undervaluation and implications of appreciating it. Renminbi (RMB) is the official name of Chinese currency, and it is divided in the Yuan units, RMB and Yuan are used interchangeably. China has been under extreme criticism and international political pressure to revalue its currency. The pressure is primarily led by the United States of America who asserts that competitive undervaluation of the Chinese RMB and other Asian currencies have significant influences on the U.S. economy (Bergsten). According to Cline and Williamson's estimate, RMB's 25-40 appreciation would lead to reduction of annual U.S. current account deficit by $100 billion to $150 billion. On the other hand, proponents believe that currency appreciation is the solution to China's own problems as it can work as a tool to curb high inflation, lower import price, and dampen the demand for exports(Goldstei n and Lardy 2006; Bergsten 2010; Tyers et al. 2008; Tung and Baker 2004 qtd. in Yang, Wei, and Simla 1). Nevertheless, there are widespread concerns about a major RMB appreciation. Within China, it is believed that a major currency appreciation would lead to slow economic growth and leave adverse employment influences on labor-intensive export sectors (Xu et al. 2011; Tang 2011; Lin 2011; Duan 2011 qtd. in Yang, Wei, and Simla 1). Background on China's Currency Policy Recent empirical studies reveal that undervalued currency leads to faster economic growth. It is because exports rate grow relatively faster than import rates. Therefore, the producing country generates more foreign exchange and enhances its production capacity (Abola qtd. in Joyce). When a country's currency is undervalued, exports grow more than imports because it will provide cheaper goods as compared to their competing trading countries (Joyce). In past, currency valuation has been used by countries who intend to p romote their exports, such as, Japan and South Korea, and now China (Diokno qtd. in Joyce). Until 1994, China practiced a dual exchange rate system. It included an official fixed exchange rate system used by government, and comparatively market-based exchange rate system used by exporters and importers in "swap markets". China restricted access to foreign exchange in order to limit imports which resulted in large black market for foreign exchange.There was significant difference in the two exchange rates. In 1993, official exchange rate with dollar was 5.77 Yuan while 8.70 Yuan in the swap markets. United States criticized China's dual exchange rat

Critical Introduction to Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical Introduction to Law - Essay Example Basically feminism concerns the study or movement against women’s subordination common to all of them in a particular society. And it is culturally and historically specific. Thus forms of oppression of women are different among societies, races and countries. The subordination of Afro-Caribbean women, Asian women, working class women, lesbian women, single mothers are qualitatively different but unified by gender. For example, reluctance of the police to intervene in Asian women’s protest against domestic violence in their community. Police justify their reluctance citing the value of extended family system in Asian communities and letting them settle their disputes on their own. This is not only sexist but also racist bias. White State power has also been indifferent to the voices of these Asian women. 2 Women have been excluded in market place and government and given the main responsibility of bearing and rearing children and to give refuge to men from the pressures of capitalist world. This separation of women from the public sphere was more acute in the nineteenth century. At the same time, men are dominating both the public and private spheres even today by legal orders with private sphere devoid of legal control making them even more dominant in private life. In America, females were excluded for exercising franchise in the 19th century. In 1820s and 1830s, white males got franc hise rights even without property holdings. And after the civil rights movement when black men gained the franchise rights, women regardless of race, were left behind. It was only through the 13th amendment, women gained the right to vote. It did not mean women finally got the rights and duties befitting electoral status. It was only in 1961, they were accorded jury duty. The armed combat duty as a test of citizenship has still not been accorded to women today. In English common law, women were not allowed to enter certain professions like law

New Product Development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

New Product Development - Case Study Example It owns brands like easy Car, easy Money, easy Internet caf, easy Cinema, easy Pizza, easy Cruise, easy Mobile, easy Watch, easy Hotels, and easy Jobs etc. This strategy was called "diversification within diversification". This means that the company's individual business units become recession proofed by moving into as many diversified fields as possible, while enhancing the financial strength of the company. The Company follows the "easy" format of taking away the frills in something to make it cheaper overall. In the last few years the company has started to franchise the businesses to expand, and cut down costs. The easy Group profits by either selling shares in the businesses or by licensing or franchising the brand to reputable partners. easy Clothes has a range of apparels to cater to the taste and pockets of the young generation as well as the busy professionals. The easy Shirt comes in the price range 4, 18 and 75pounds. The high priced range is wrinkle free. The pullover also comes in three price range and the high priced one would cater to the older generation which prefers extremely soft clothes. Jeans also has three versions with the expensive one being more rugged. The low priced version of clothes would cater to the lower income group which is highly price sensitive. The market attractiveness could be analysed using Porter's model and the internal analysis could be done by value chain analysis. The market attractiveness varies with the market size, annual market growth rate, profit margins etc.The use of Porter's Five Forces mainly focuses on the industry structure analysis in the organisations external environment. It reveals the source of competition in an industry and external influence including the threats and opportunities of the industry that organisation has to face to obtain competitive advantage. Porter defines the rivalry of the organisation in relation to the industry where high rivalry leads to low profits. The threats from new entrants are heights of the barriers in place to stop them and define the profitability of the industry. Threats from substitutes is the threat by others to copy the product so the margin for guaranteed profit goes low and customers are more prone to change. The bargaining power of buyers depends on the price of the product and the leverage the customer possesses. Similarly the power of the suppliers is determined by how much the buyer needs the product and how much they are willing to pay. easyClothes is a company dealing with apparels. This industry is very competitive. There are some brands driven by quality and some only by price. Different companies have different target segments.easybusiness has been successful in creating a brand name in the market which caters to the price and brand/quality sensitive customers. Core Competence Matrix: -

Organizational Structure Of Engro Foods Marketing Essay

Organizational Structure Of Engro Foods Marketing Essay Now companies are improving their production by adopting different strategies in which backward integration is one of them. Backward Integration is a type of vertical integration in which a company gets control over its suppliers to improve the efficiency and save the cost which improves its profit margins and make the firm more competitive. Backward integration occurs through acquiring input suppliers, establishing long-term contracts with existing suppliers or investing in new input production capacity through internal corporate growth. The main advantages of backward integration regardless of the industry are decreased marketing expenses, the stability of operations, the certainty of supplies of materials, much control on the distribution of products, tighter quality control, the on time review of fabrication and allocation policies, more control over inventory, and additional profit margins or the ability to charge lower prices on final products. These advantages must be weighed against the disadvantages which normally are disparities among productive capacities at a range of stages of manufacturing, governmental pressure, lack in interest of specialty, the firmness of operations, the extension of the management team and lack of direct competitive influence on the costs of transitional products. Background: This report highlights the comparison of two companies from Pakistan Food Industry the ENGRO FOODS and NESTLE PAKISTAN, which are applying backward integration to enhance their production capability. In Pakistan these are the top most companies which are playing a vital role in the food industry through their dairy and beverage products. Nestle is a subsidiary of Swiss origin company which headquarter is located in vevey, Switzerland. Nestle Pakistan started its operations in 1988 with the collaboration of Milk Pak Ltd in Pakistan which is further took over total control in 1992. In Pakistan, its head quarter is located in Lahore and the company currently operating four production facilities. Two of its factories are located in sheikhupura and Kabirwala while one in Islamabad and one in Karachi. It has also the biggest milk collection operation in Pakistan through which they collects milk from an estimated 190,000 farmers and from their dairy farms located in different areas of Pakistan. Nestle Pakistan is currently the leading food beverage company of Pakistan. While Engro food is another biggest and fastest growing company in Pakistan. In 2005 Engro Foods limited was established and it is 100% owned by Engro Corporation. Engro Foods limited began their operations in 2006 and within 5 years they make realization to their competitor by increasing their market share gradually. At the end of 2010 Engro Foods Limited took control in the market of Ultra High Temperature by launching new products including ice cream, juices, powder milk and flavoured milk which contain great potential to compete in future. The Company is also entering into global markets. Its first mission is that to administer a Halal food business in North America known as Al-Safa, which was recently acquired by Engro Corporation at a total cost of 6.3 mn dollars. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Recently a seminar Current Status of Foods Industry in Pakistan: Threats and Challenges was held at Lahore on September 07, 2012 in which different analysts of PCSIR and Federal Minister of Science and Technology addresses that food industry in Pakistan has become the second largest industry by participating with 17% share in GDP and in Pakistan it is now become most consuming industry because people spent 42% of their earnings in foods products. And at the end of the session some analysts point out weak point of the food industry that the in appropriate management of food products and the large harvest losses in vegetables, fruits and grain create a food shortage in market. There are several sectors of food industry while some are given below which are related to the project report, we will mainly focus on these. These sectors are as follows: Dairy Juices Ice creams 2.1 Dairy Dairy sector is one of the most important sectors of Pakistan which affects more than 10 mn families. There are a lot of companies in Pakistan who are purchasing milk from farmers for their satisfaction. The dairy industry is providing packed milk to its consumers in the shape of UHT, Pasteurized, Tea Whitener and Flavored milk. The industry is also producing Ice Cream, Yoghurt, Cheese, Butter and miscellaneous food items for childrens.   Milk is the most consumable food item having a life of 4 hours under at a certain temperature level of room. Pakistan is 3rd leading milk producing country in the world with more than 47 billion litters production and 11.30% contribution in GDP and a milk economy that in value terms is 27.7% of the total agriculture sector. According to analysts the milk production is expected to grow at 2% annually, however the processed industry is only 7% of operated milk. The milk, remaining wastages and farmer preservation is 20.7 bn liters of which 1.4 bn goes into processing and the rest is sold as a commodity in retail outlets and through door to door Gawala system. So, there is an immense prospect and +prospective to grow the processed milk business. The processed milk has segmented into three categories namely: Ambient UHT Powder 2.1.1 Ambient UHT As of 2010, Ambient UHT constitutes only 4% of the total Tradable Milk segment. Industry volumes have grown 10% from 2006-2010 and the market size was 790 million liters as of December 2010. 2.1.2 Powder Currently, the size of the branded powder market is approximately 57,000 tons, which uses approximately 540 mn liters of milk and 3% of tradable milk. Powder market size has grown 17% from 2006 to 2010 and it is expected to grow 14% in the next five years due to economy that powder offers as well as its specialize use as growing up and infant nutrition source. Nestle Pakistan is the market leader in this segment. 2.2 Juices The Juices, Nectars and Still drinks market are of 507 Million Liters which has total market value of PKR 31 Billion. This market is subdivided into Juice and Nectar and Value added Still Drinks. Juices contain 100% fruit substance, Nectar contain 25% to 99% fruit substance while still drinks contain 0 to 24 % fruit substance value added still drinks have innovative packaging or addition of pulp etc. Nestle Pakistan is the market leader in this segment. 2.3 Ice Cream The Ice Cream sector of Pakistan has growing constantly and registers a volume growth of 20% in 2010 as compare to 2009. The overall volume of ice cream sold in 2010 was 71 Million liters while the total market value was PKR 8.8 billion. The industry volumes have grown 11% over the last four years. However, it is expected that growth will be higher in next five years on the back of significant investment by the industrys key players. Walls are the market leader in this industry which is followed by Omore. COMPANIES PROFILE 3.1 Engro Foods Engro Corporation Limited initially introduced with Engro Chemical Pakistan which rapidly built their growth in chemical industry and after few years Engro Chemical become Engro Corporation Limited by making diversified investment in different sector like Foods, Energy, Fertilizer and Business solutions. It started operations in 1957 as an Esso/Mobil joint venture which discovered the Mari Gas field near Daharki. Engro food is now becoming the biggest and fastest growing company in Pakistan. From the beginning till date Engro Foods Limited 100% owned supplementary company of Engro Corporation. Engro Foods Limited operations began in the year of 2006 and within 5 years company started to climb the ladder of growth rapidly. It has manage to be the market leaders in Ultra High Temperature (UHT) Industry at the end of 2010 and has launched multiple new products including Ice Cream, Flavoured Milk, Fruit Juices and Milk Powders, that show great potential for future. In order to back these products and to achieve high quality standards Engro Foods Limited made backward integration strategy in which they heavily invested in milk processing and collection infrastructure. The Company has innovated by venturing out of the dairy sector and stepping in the Beverage Industry by launching Olfrute and ice cream industry by launching Omore. The Company is also entering into the global markets. Its first mission is to manage a Halal food business in North America known as Al-Safa, which was recently acquired by Engro Corporation at a total outlay of 6.3 mn dollars. PRODUCTION FACILITIES Dairy Plants Engro Foods has two UHT processing plants which are located in Sukkur and Sahiwal with total filling capacity of 1.1 million liter per day. Sukkur Plant capacity is 400,000 liter per day whereas Sahiwal plant facility is 700,000 liter per day. Engro Foods also has a powder plant at Sukkur with a capacity of 24 tons per day. Covered area of freehold land of Sukkur is 27 acres and Sahiwal production facility is 33 acres freehold land. These production sites are equipped with plant and machinery of European origin. Sukkur Production site started its operation in Feb 2006, whereas Sahiwal plant started its operation in December 2007. Ice Cream Plant The ice cream plant was set up in the same facility as the Dairy Plant. The total manufacturing capability of Sahiwal is 33 acres of free holding land. This provides deliberate advantage to the Company in terms of the supply of raw material, the utilities, and manpower and warehousing. The ice cream plant has total capacity of 22 million liters per annum. Organizational Structure of Engro Foods: President/CEO Secretary Secretary Vice President Manufacturing Vice President Marketing Manager Public Affair Manager Internal Audit Special Projects Vice President HR Vice President HR Compensation Benefits Sales Production Accounting Recruitment Planning development Maintenance Treasury Training development Technical Services Process Engineering Industrial Trade Instrumental/Fleet Purchasing Administration Legal Brands of Engro Foods: The product portfolio of Engro Foods comprises some of the countrys biggest and best selling brands which include: Olpers Olpers Lite Olfrute Omore Omung Omung Lassi Tarang. 3.2 Nestle Pakistan Nestle is basically a Swiss company and their head office is situated in Vevey, Switzerland. And Nestle Pakistan is one of it supplementary company. Since 1988 Nestle Pakistan is working with the alliance of Milk Pak Ltd and within short time period Nestle Pakistan took over Milk Pak Ltd. It is also listed in Karachi and Lahore Stock Exchange. Nestle Pakistan is one of the most prominent company which ensures it place among top 25 companies who are registered at Karachi stock exchange for last couple of years. The Headquarter of Nestle is located in Lahore and the Company operates four fabrication facilities. In which the factories located in Sheikhupura and Kabirwala are producing different products under same umbrella. The other factory is present in Islamabad and one in Karachi produce packed water. Nestle Pakistan now operates the biggest milk collection process in Pakistan. At present, Nestle Pakistan gathers milk from a projected 190,000 farmers. At present Nestle is market leader in dairy and beverage industry of Pakistan because they are very keenly focusing on Nutrition and health by covering almost at all locations throughout Pakistan to serve the consumers. Nestle Pakistan distinct feature is that they are the leaders in Nutrition. PRODUCTION FACILITIES Sheikhupura Factory The factory located at sheikhpura produces many most popular products s of Nestle Pakistan such as  Milkpak UHT milk, Nevista  products,  Nestle pure water,  Cerelac and yogurt. The factory starts operation as part of Milkpak Ltd in 1981. Formerly it produced only UHT milk but in 1988 it had expanded to produce butter, cream, ghee and fruit drinks as well. But with the passage of time Nido powder milk also started to produce in this factory. Kabirwala Factory Milk Pak took over this factory which is located in Khanewal district of the Punjab in 1990. In 1997 Nestle Pakistan got 100% share of that unit.  After acquiring it Nestle upgraded its capacity and in 1992 they added Maggi Noodle  plant to the factory. Over the years past the Kabirwala factory was constantly enhanced as Everyday  tea whitening powder was introduced in 2002 . Islamabad Factory In Islamabad Nestle purchased the AVA water plant in year 2001. And in 2003 Nestle fully owned that unit. Gradually Nestle upgraded and introduced machineries to become more efficient in production through which they was able to provide differentiated products to their consumer with good packaging. Organizational Structure of Nestle Pakistan: Chief Executive Water Group Corporate Affairs Human Resource Supply Chain Milk Collection Agriculture Services Nestle Business Excellence Technical Operations Finance Control Unit Marketing and Sales Division National Sales Management Legal Affairs Technical Purchasing Financial Accounting Corporate purchase Treasury National Brand Management Budget Control Information System Taxation Brands of Nestle Pakistan: Nestle Pakistan has a lot of top most brands of Pakistan which added a lot of value to Nestle Pakistan over a last couple of years like: Milkpak Nevista Nido Everyday Milkpak Cream Nestle Desert cream Nestle yogurt Nestle fruit vitals Nestle Zeera Raita Actiplus Yogurt Nestle Rawaiti Maza Nestle Milo Nestle Nescafe 4. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATIONS (BACKWARD INTEGRATION) Nestle Pakistan and Engro Foods are currently doing backward integration to enhance their production efficiency by creating their own dairy farms and taking control of transportation. Currently they are focusing of creating their own farms to get control over their suppliers. Both the companies are also now directly approaching to the farmers and collecting milk form them as the old concept of middle man and gawala system has start perishing. The main advantage of creating own farms is that both the companies get on time delivery of their material, which help them to enhance their production and deliver their product on time to the end consumers. The details of Engro Foods and Nestle Pakistan farms are given below: 4.1 Engro Foods Dairy Farm Engro Food has selected the Nara Canal due to the presence of its outstanding water, farming land availability and suitable weather for its Dairy Farm. The company has launched a comprehensive vaccination programme with the provision of clean water and balanced nutrition to have infection free, strong and happy animals at all times. The Companys Nara Dairy Farm continued to remain a rich and nutritious source of raw material for its dairy section. The Nara Farm formed over 5.8 mn liters of milk in 2011 with a total herd size of over 3,000 animals. But in 2012, Dairy Farm produced 26,979 liters of milk per day. At March 31, 2012 Dairy Farm herd increased to 3,204 animals. Through it the profit after tax stood at Rs. 5 million versus loss of Rs. 19 million in March 2011, primarily due to higher yield and production. 4.2 Nestle Dairy Farms Nestle Pakistan manages the project under its Agricultural Division. Over 75 professionals are currently associated with these services; intend to help in  increasing the sustainability of the dairy segment in Pakistan. They give the farmers with free technical assistance and veterinary services to build the skills of the farmers in best farming practices and improved livestock management and link them to small businesses and to the dairy market. For this purpose,Nestle has built two demonstrations and teaching  farms, one of which is still under process. The main training facility is the Sarsabz Demonstration and Training  Farm  which  is located on Multan Road, near Okara. The  second training Sukeki Farm,  is under in building process near Lahore. At the farm, there are more than 250 cows, animal huts,  milking machinery, a teaching centre, and hostel for  the farmers, management office and necessary farm equipment and highly qualified instructors  who train farmers on high quality dairy farming and livestock management. Nestle Pakistan has established this training facility over 103 acres of leased land as an investment for the development of  the dairy sector and to  work towards  sustainable farming and an improved rural economy. 5. LITERATURE REVIEW The concept of vertical integration is very old and we saw a lot of academic and legal debates over the costs and benefits of vertical integration. McGee, Bassett and Williamson (1975, 1985, 1989) said that vertical integration is a mean of reducing transactions costs, assuring supply, reducing risk and alleviating the efficiency losses. But on the other side, economists see vertical integration as a means for firms to reduce competition or extract market rents (Scherer, Perry 1978, 1989).Perry, Hart and Tirole (1978), said that most discussions have focused on the effects of forward integration into a competitive product market and little work exists on the effects of backward integration into a competitive input market. However, Knoeber and Thurman (1996) further said that backward integration is of growing importance in many agricultural and natural resource industries. According to Azzam (1996), backward integration occurs through acquiring input suppliers, establishing long-term contracts with existing suppliers or investing in new input production capacity through internal company growth. In some businesses, there is growing concern about the effects of such integration on remaining un- integrated input suppliers. First he said that backward-integrated dominant firm benefits from production efficiency gains. Second he further adds that backward-integrated dominant firm may benefit from a lower acquisition price for externally supplied raw inputs. As per Blois (1972), the biggest advantages of backward integration are to lower down transportation and marketing expense, production or operation stability, timely supplier services, high quality control, necessary revisions in production and execution policies, maintained inventory control, and high profit margin able produces to charge lower prices on finished products. While Williamson (1971) do not consider supply dependability as a necessary advantage and point out the interests harmonization and efficient utilization in process of decision making as the core advantages of backward integration. As per Williamson (1971), backward integration allows management to easily harmonized interest as possible differences can be resigned. As per Lambertini and Rossini (2008), backward vertical integration is indirectly proportional to producers and suppliers. As compare to forward vertical integration, backward vertical integration provides large incentives in investment to the manufacturer. The biggest disadvantage of backward integration for trader is that it discourages them for innovation, on the other hand forward integration discourages producers to innovate. This theory is not parallel to transaction cost theory which does not consider forward and backward integration as a separate concept. Many researchers like Armour, Teece, Langlois, Robertson, Gopala Krishnan, Bierly (1980, 1989, 1992, 1996, and 2001) have stated that vertical integration facilitates the development and implementation of systemic innovations. Further, Armour and Teece (1980) argue that if the innovation at one stage involves adaptation in a preceding or a consequent stage, then the usual ownership of the various stages i.e. vertical integration enables the necessary adaptations and adjustments to be made in a timely and efficient fashion. Similarly Langlois, Robertson (1989) and Langlois (1992) propose that vertical integration is the most appropriate organizational structure for integrative systemic process innovations because the necessary learning and experience proceed faster between functions in a vertically integrated environment. Furthermore, Teece (1996) explains that vertical integration enables the successful development and implementation of systemic innovations by facilitating information flows and coordination and removing institutional barriers such as cost and benefit allocation. Similarly, Gopal krishnan and Bierly (2001) point out that open exchange of information is easier and safer in house than between different organizations because each firm wants to gain more from the innovation and therefore unwilling to share information freely. Teece (1996) however adds that while systemic innovations favour vertically integrated structures from the coordination point of view and some relevant technological or other capabilities needed in the development and implementation of the innovation may exist outside of the vertically integrated firm. Therefore, larger firms may still have an advantage by using their scale to create sufficient momentum and attract smaller firms to get involved with the innovation or simply by being able to secure minority investment positions in smaller firms that have the necessary capabilities needed in the innovation. 6. ANAYSIS 6.1Swot Analysis Strengths Of Engro Foods Strengths of Nestle Pakistan Brand Association: Engro being a renowned and well established brand in fertilizers, infrastructure and IT solutions, it creates a great brand association and consumers can relate to Olpers as a high quality and premium product. This is evidence that Engro Food in its first year crossed 1.4 billion sales figure. Financial Backing: Engro being renowned brand and can attract foreign investors, which enable them to compete with global brands like Nestle. They can afford high costs for research and developments for their current products and in introducing new products. Strategic Relationship: Engro has been creating business relationship with farmers who supply milk to them which enables them to secure the supply and to solve shortage issues. Engro also has created long-term business relationship with distributors this help them to ensure smooth distribution through better channels to make sure that there are no shortages for their product. Research and Development: Engro for Olpers precisely has done strong consumer and product research before launching the product and are continuing this practice post launch. This has helped them to emerge as a strong brand in food industry. To further development and new products, they have engaged various global research partners Mindshare, AC Nielsen, JWT Asiatic and MARS marketing and advertising agency. State of the Art plants: Only Engro Foods has the 3rd generation UHT milk plant in the country. It is the only plant that uses Bactofuge technology to virtually eliminate bacteria and ensure premium quality and hygiene. Parent Company: Nestle has a global presence and is recognized as a huge name worldwide. Nestle Pakistan has a strong support from its parent company, which is the worlds leading processed food and beverage company. Company Image: Nestle has been doing business since many years. It has created an excellent image and reputation in consumers mind all around the world. This helps them to retain market even in unfavorable conditions. High Quality Products: Nestle always ensure to produce good quality products. Nestle being worldwide renowned company creates high quality product to retain that image and to attain consumer loyalty. It cannot compromise on quality as consumers nowadays are more quality conscious. Market Share: Nestle has the highest market share almost in every SBUs line, like as in Milk pack Nestle pure life. Brand strength: Nestle Pakistan has created some very strong brands like Nescafe, Milpak , Everyday, Nestle water and most of these brands have become generic to their product category. When a brand becomes generic it creates a strong presence in minds of consumer. Research Development Team: Research and development is a continuous process at Nestle. It gives updated info on consumer behaviors, changing trends and consumer demands; this helps Nestle to adapt to changing trends. Weakness of Engro Foods Weakness of Nestle Pakistan Packaging: Engro Food is dependent on Tetra Pak for packaging of its entire dairy products. It is the only option for them as Tetra pack has monopoly in packaging sector. This cause higher production costs. Distribution cost: About 85% milk collection centers of Engro Foods are located in Punjab, and its processing facility is in Sind. This huge distance increase distribution cost and increasing overall cost of production. Also it increases the chances of milk getting spoiled due to long travelling time. Narrow Product Line: Since the launch of its first dairy product, Engro Foods has only extended to very few products, where as its competitors like Nestle has diversified and extensive product lines. Owning Red Color: Engro Food like its competitors has not owned colors that identify its products. Colors represent products, like green represents Milkpak. There is no color connection attached to Olpers which creates problems for consumers in remembering the product. Less Proactive: Nestle being a huge company is very less proactive to the demands. Unless competitors initiate a campaign or come up with new strategy, Nestle does not bring changes. Limited Distribution Channel: A major weakness of Nestle is their limited distribution channel as compared to their competitors. Nestle distribute their products to whole sellers in their own factory vehicles. Stock outs: Due to their in-efficient distribution channels, Nestle has experienced stock outs on regular basis. This had adverse effect on companys image and consumer base. It also gives opportunity for competitor to penetrate into market and capture large market share.   Premium Brand: Common men generally perceive Nestle as a premium brand, and have perception that all Nestle products would be highly expensive. Opportunities for Engro Food Opportunities for Nestle Pakistan Government Funding: Government has provided increased funds to farmers. This has allowed farmers to invest in better storage facilities to save milk for longer period of time and to cope bad weather conditions. Awareness: Extensive awareness programs for health and hygiene has created awareness among consumers for the benefits of processed milk. More and more consumers are shifting from loose milk to processed milk. This will create higher demands and consumption of processed milk. This is a great opportunity for growth and to gain more market. Fifth Largest producer of milk: Pakistan is the 5th largest milk production country in the world, the country is blessed four seasons and high quality crop, good species of buffaloes and cows and largest canal system. However it is only obtaining 2500ltr of milk per annum from an animal in comparison with 18000ltr per animal in developed countries. This is a good opportunity to increase production significantly by adopting best practices and modern techniques. Support from Foreign Investors; Government is supporting overseas outlay in Pakistan which is a great opportunity for Nestle to expand its business in Pakistan and to cater large markets. Enhance Distribution Channel: Nestle should work on its distribution channel to make it efficient in order to maintain supply of their products. This will not allow consumer to shift to competitors brand in case of stock outs. Changing Social Trend: Consumers, especially younger generation are hugely influenced by western societies. This has changed the trends for packed ready to use products. This changing social trend has created large demand and opportunity to increase market share. Best Practices and Assistance; Nestle should invest in educating the farmers for best practices and providing them resources and assistance to create greater value and to ensure high capitalization and quality. Threats for Engro Food Threats for Nestle Pakistan Competition: Engro foods biggest competitors like Nestle has been in market since very long. For its brands it might be difficult to penetrate in the market where these brands have created loyalties and presence in mind of consumers. Perceptions and Price Differentials: Consumer preferences and perceptions plays very important role in success of a brand. It is very important for Engro to understand and come up with ways to meet consumer expectations and provide quality that a brand promises. Price factor is also a very important factor, as still consumers prefer loose milk as it is cheaper than processed milk. Economy: Higher inflation rates is eroding buying power of consumers, making products more expensive to use. No Entry Barrier: Industry is growing at rapid rate,  very low entry barriers making it attractive for new competitors. Dependency: Nestle is dependent on whole sellers and super market shelves which can be influenced by the competitors. Loss of Market Share: When the market drenches the loss of the market share of Nestle products is the major threat to them. Differentiated products: Consumers are indifferent to buying Engro products or Nestle. It is a threat to Nestle that consumers can easily shift to Engro products in case of any unfavorable condition. 6.2 Pest Analysis PEST analysis is used to determine and understand external factors such as Political, Economical, Social and technological, and their effect on business. For understanding Nestle and Engro foods position in market, we will carry out PEST analysis to understand the external forces. 6.2.1 Political, Legal Economic Factors Pakistan current fiscal year inflation rate has been grown to 7.7% which decreases the purchasing power of consumers as a whole and which also create higher impact on those products which transform from another products like packed milk powder milk because these is

Gone With the Wind Essay -- essays papers

Gone With the Wind This is a film about contrast. In the film clip, lagre amount of contrast can be found between characters, lighting, the way of how colour is presented, the way of how camera being placed, and the way of how shots being taken. Misc-en-Scene From the film clip (and the whole film), the colour image is strong on contrast, not only the colour of the settings, the furnitures, and the costumes, also the colour contrast of indoor and outdoor. In the film clip, the major colour is grayish, the tones contain grayish olive green, grayish blue ( Melanie’s costume), and grayish brown. It gave the audience an impression of desolated space, like a castle. With a large amount of gloomly shadows of furnitures and stairs, it empasis the dismal of the indoor surroundings strongly. The dull tone of indoor settings is different when compare with the outdoor setting. When Melanie announced to the people who were out in the field through the window, the colourful image of the field outside is a strong contrast to the dull and gloomy image inside the house. This created a feeling of a hidden incident is happened or happening inside the house but the public outside is never known. As the colour concept of people (i.e. audiences) always treated colourful as joyful, happiness and innocent, and dark, dull, gloomy are always connected with evil, crime and secrets. The costumes are designed to signifly the difference in the personalities of Melanie and Scarlet. The costume of Melanie is a grayish-blue lingerie, an additonal over coat, and the a long plait with an untidy hair, that makes her looks compelety as a peasanty woman. Her pale face and the pair of sunken eyes also suggests she is weak, sick, and need protection. Scarlet is wearing a bright colour one piece dress with patterns, her hair hair looks tidy with a white hair net, her light make up, looks elegant and sexy when compared with Melanie. And also created an impression that she doesn’t belongs to the dismal, gloomy house, she doesn’t belong to the working peasant lifestyle. However, she is wearing a pair of old leather shoes which covered by dirt, dry mud and dust, that hide under her pretty dress. It means even thought she is not belong to there, or she think she is not belong to there, but her birth place, her root is Tara, the place with mud, dust, and p... ... and affecting each other...In the film clip, Scarlet shoot the deserter with no mercy, and then discuss with Melanie how to manage the corpse in a very reality tone, it is just like discussing how to hide a furniture, an object. A conflict with Melanie, she hasn’t got any idea of how to solve and hide for this kind of serious crime. But Melanie lie for Scarlet, even thought it is something out of her personality. At that moment they are standing at the same line. Therefore, this is the way of opening up the possibilities of more complexity of the narrative – Melanie and Scarlet is not totally against each other, they still the help from each other, like Scarlet work for Melanie, Melanie lie for Scarlet, they are situated in a very subtle relationship, this is the formation of the the story. Finally, the director described the Northerns are robbers, intruders to the Southerns. This film clip is standing in the point of view of a Southerns. As Southerns are the oppose of liberation the black slave, we can noticed that this film still having the shadow of the white supremeism Bibliography: Gone with the wind and the sunset(1992) Dr Karen Chen, Meiah Publisher